Chemical reactions and equations-Chapter-1-Notes

Chemical reaction

Such processes in which the original substances lose their nature and identity and form new chemical substances with different properties are called chemical changes. The process involving a chemical change is called a chemical reaction.

Characteristics of chemical reactions

When a chemical reaction takes place, some changes are observed. The easily observable changes that take place in a chemical reaction are called the characteristics of the chemical reaction. These changes help us to check that a chemical reaction has taken place. Some important characteristics of chemical reactions are:

(1) Formation of a precipitate: Some chemical reactions are accompanied by the formation of a precipitate. A precipitate is a solid substance formed on mixing two solutions.

(2) Evolution of a gas: Some chemical reactions are accompanied by the evolution of a gas.

(3) Change in colour: Some chemical reactions are accompanied by change in colour.

(4) Change in state: Some chemical reactions are accompanied by change in state.

(5) Change in temperature: Some chemical reactions are accompanied by change in temperature, i.e., rise or fall of temperature.

Exothermic reactions

Reactions which are accompanied by rise in temperature are those in which heat is evolved. Such reactions are called exothermic reactions.

Endothermic reactions

Reactions which are accompanied by fall in temperature are those in which heat is absorbed. Such reactions are called endothermic reactions.    

Balanced and Unbalanced (skeletal) chemical equations

Such an equation in which the number of atoms of each element on the two sides of the equation are equal is called abalanced chemical equation.

Such an equation in which the number of atoms of different elements (one or more) is not equal on the two sides of the equation is calledunbalanced or skeletal equation.

Types of chemical reactions

Depending upon the nature of reaction, i.e., the type of chemical change taking place, the various chemical reactions have been broadly classified into the following types:

(1) Combination reactions

(2) Decomposition reactions

(3) Displacement reactions

(4) Double displacement reactions

(5) Precipitation reactions

(6) Neutralization reactions

(7) Reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions

Combination reactions

Those reactions in which two or more elements or compounds combine together to form a single compound are called combination reactions.

There are three types combination reactions possible depending upon:

(a) Combination between two elements.

(b) Combination between two compounds.

(c)Combination between an element and a compound.

Burning of a magnesium ribbon

2Mg (s)     +   O2(g)    −−−→      2MgO (s)

Magnesium         Oxygen                Magnesium oxide

Decomposition Reactions

Those reactions in which a single compound breaks down to give two or more simpler substances are called decomposition reactions.

Thus, these reactions are just opposite of composition reactions. The decomposition reaction takes place only when the energy in the form of heat, electricity or light is supplied. Thus, there are three types of decomposition reactions possible. These are:

(a)  Decomposition reactions which takes place by absorption of heat. These are called thermal decomposition reactions.

(b) Decomposition reactions which take place when electric current is passed through the compound in the molten state or in aqueous solution. These are called electrolytic decomposition reactions or simply electrolysis.

(c) Decomposition reactions which take place on absorption of light. These are called photo-decomposition reactions or simply photolysis.

Displacement Reactions

Those reactions in which a more active element displaces a less active element from its compound are called displacement reactions.

Double Displacement Reactions

Those reactions in which two different atoms or groups of atoms are exchanged are called double displacement reactions.

Reaction between silver nitrate solution and sodium chloride solution

AgNo3(aq)     +     NaCl (aq)       −−→   AgCl (s) ↓    +   NaNO­3(aq)

Silver nitrate              Sodium Chloride                 Silver chloride          Sodium Nitrate

                                                                                        (White ppt.)

Precipitation Reactions

Those reactions in which aqueous solutions of two compounds on mixing react to form an insoluble compound which separates out as a solid (called precipitate) or such an insoluble compound is formed when a gas is passed through the solution of a compound are called precipitation reactions.

Neutralization Reactions 

A reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water is called neutralization reaction, i.e.,

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

Examples:

NaOH               +     HCl                  →         NaCl              +    H2O

Sodium hydroxide          Hydrochloric acid                   Sodium Chloride          Water

(Base)                             (Acid)

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Oxidation is defined as a process which involves

(i) Gain of oxygen or (ii) loss of hydrogen

Reduction is defined as a process which involves

(i) Gain of hydrogen or (ii) loss of oxygen

Try To Solve These Questions

Q1. What is a Chemical Reaction?

Q2. What is a precipitate?

Q3. What is neutralization reaction?

Next: Science(Chapter-2-Notes)

21 thoughts on “Chemical reactions and equations-Chapter-1-Notes”

  1. Ans 1.The substance is which lose thier original nature and form new substance with chemical properties is called chemical reaction.

    Ans 2 . In any soluble compounds in which it is formed by when a gas is passed through the solution is called precipitate reactions.

    Ans3. In those reactions when acid reacts with a base to form salt and water is called neutralization reactions.

    Reply
  2. Q1-Such process in which the original substance lose their natural and identity and form new chemical substance with different properties are called chemical change.The process involving a chemical change is called a chemical reaction.

    Reply
  3. Homework

    Q1. Such process in which the original substances lose their nature and identity and form chemical substances with different properties are called chemical change.
    Q2. Those reaction in which aqueous solution of two comoundson mixing react to form an insoluble compound which separate out as a solid called precipitate.
    Q3. A reaction in which an acid reacts with base to form salt and water is called neutralization reaction.

    Date.02/06/2019

    Reply
  4. Ans2= Those reaction in which aqueous solutions of two compound on mixing react to form insoluble separate out of solid is called precipitate reaction (precipitate).

    Reply
  5. Ans3= A reaction in which acid react with base to form salt and water is called neutralization. i.e
    E.G=
    Acid + base = salt + water

    Reply
  6. Ans1= The substance in which lose their original nature and form new substance in chemical properties is called chemical reactions.

    Reply

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