The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 “Forest and Wildlife Resources” serve as a comprehensive guide to assist students in answering the exercises found in the book “Contemporary India II.”
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources Questions and Answers
Exercise Page No 22
1. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation?
(a) Joint forest management
(b) Beej Bachao Andolan
(c) Chipko Movement
(d) Demarcation of wildlife sanctuaries
Answer: (d) Demarcation of wildlife sanctuaries
2. Match the following.
| Reserved Forests | Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities |
| Protected Forests | Forests are regarded as most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources |
| Unclassed Forests | Forest lands are protected from any further depletion |
Answer:
| Reserved Forests | Forests are regarded as most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources |
| Protected Forests | Forest lands are protected from any further depletion |
| Unclassed Forests | Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities |
3. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity important for human lives?
Answer: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms, including plants, animals, microorganisms, and ecosystems, that exist on Earth. It encompasses the richness and abundance of different species, their genetic variations, and the intricate interactions and relationships they have with their environment.
Biodiversity plays a vital role in maintaining the overall health and balance of ecosystems. It provides numerous benefits and services to human societies, such as the provision of food, medicine, clean air and water, and the regulation of climate. Biodiversity also contributes to the cultural, aesthetic, and recreational aspects of human life.
(ii) How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain.
Answer: Human activities have had a significant impact on the depletion of flora and fauna, leading to a decline in biodiversity. Several factors contribute to this depletion:
1. Habitat Destruction: Human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and land conversion for agriculture have resulted in the destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats. This loss of habitat directly affects flora and fauna by reducing their available living spaces, disrupting ecosystems, and limiting their access to food and resources.
2. Pollution: Pollution from industrial activities, agricultural practices, and improper waste disposal has detrimental effects on flora and fauna. Air and water pollution can contaminate ecosystems, causing the death of plants, animals, and aquatic species. Pollutants can also bioaccumulate in the food chain, leading to adverse effects on higher trophic levels.
3. Overexploitation: Excessive hunting, fishing, and harvesting of wild plants have led to the overexploitation of various species. When species are harvested or hunted at unsustainable rates, their populations decline, and some may even face extinction. Examples include overfishing of marine species and illegal poaching of endangered animals for their body parts.
4. Introduction of Invasive Species: Human activities, such as the intentional or accidental introduction of non-native species into new environments, can disrupt native ecosystems. Invasive species can outcompete native species for resources, prey upon them, or introduce diseases, leading to the decline or extinction of native flora and fauna.
5. Climate Change: Human-induced climate change has far-reaching consequences for biodiversity. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events can disrupt ecosystems and affect the distribution and behavior of species. Some species may struggle to adapt to these rapid changes, leading to population declines or local extinctions.
6. Fragmentation and Connectivity: The construction of roads, dams, and other infrastructure fragments habitats and disrupts ecological connectivity. This fragmentation isolates populations, reduces gene flow, and limits the movement of species, making them more vulnerable to extinction.
Q4. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India.
Answer: The Chipko movement, renowned for its success in the Himalayas, has not only effectively countered deforestation in various regions but has also demonstrated the tremendous potential of community afforestation using indigenous species.
In certain societies, specific trees hold immense reverence, having been preserved for generations. The Mundas and Santhals of the Chota Nagpur region, for instance, worship the mahua (Bassia latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees. In Odisha and Bihar, tribal communities venerate the tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mango (Mangifera indica) trees during wedding ceremonies. Additionally, peepal and banyan trees are considered sacred by many.
In the Sariska Tiger Reserve in Rajasthan, villagers have actively protested against mining activities by invoking the Wildlife Protection Act. In numerous areas, local communities themselves have taken up the responsibility of safeguarding habitats and consciously exclude any government intervention. In the Alwar district of Rajasthan, the inhabitants of five villages have designated 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’. They have established their own set of rules and regulations, prohibiting hunting and protecting wildlife from any external encroachments.
(ii) Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.
Answer: Conserving forests and wildlife is crucial for maintaining the planet’s biodiversity and ensuring a sustainable future. Here are some good practices that can contribute to the conservation of forests and wildlife:
1. Forest Protection and Restoration: Establishing protected areas, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries helps safeguard forests and their inhabitants. Additionally, promoting forest restoration efforts, such as afforestation and reforestation projects, can enhance habitat quality and increase the availability of resources for wildlife.
2. Sustainable Forestry Practices: Encouraging sustainable forestry practices is essential for balancing economic activities with conservation goals. This includes implementing responsible logging methods, promoting selective harvesting, and adopting practices that minimize soil erosion and forest degradation.
3. Wildlife Conservation and Management: Implementing effective wildlife conservation measures, such as anti-poaching efforts, habitat restoration, and wildlife monitoring programs, can help protect endangered species and maintain healthy populations. Collaborative efforts between governments, communities, and conservation organizations are essential in this regard.
4. Community Involvement and Empowerment: Engaging local communities in conservation initiatives and recognizing their traditional knowledge and rights is vital. Involving communities in decision-making processes, providing alternative livelihood options, and promoting sustainable practices can create a sense of ownership and foster conservation efforts.
5. Awareness and Education: Increasing public awareness about the importance of forests and wildlife conservation is crucial. Educational programs, campaigns, and outreach initiatives can help raise awareness about the value of biodiversity, ecological interdependencies, and the need for sustainable practices.
6. Combating Illegal Wildlife Trade: Addressing the illegal wildlife trade is essential for protecting endangered species. Strengthening law enforcement, promoting international collaboration, and raising awareness about the impacts of wildlife trafficking are key aspects of combating this illicit trade.
7. Sustainable Agriculture and Land Use: Promoting sustainable agricultural practices, such as agroforestry and organic farming, can help reduce deforestation and habitat loss. Land-use planning that considers the conservation of forests and wildlife can contribute to maintaining ecological balance.
8. Climate Change Mitigation: Addressing climate change is crucial for the long-term survival of forests and wildlife. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting renewable energy sources, and supporting initiatives that enhance ecosystem resilience are important steps in mitigating climate change impacts.
Frequently asked questions (FAQs) on “NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 – Forest and Wildlife Resources”:
1. What do NCERT Solutions for Chapter 2 of Class 10 Geography cover?
- These solutions cover a comprehensive range of topics related to forest and wildlife resources. They include explanations and answers to questions regarding the importance of forests, their classification, conservation efforts, and the challenges facing wildlife and forests in India.
2. How can these solutions help me prepare for my Class 10 Geography exam?
- These solutions provide a clear and structured understanding of the chapter, making it easier for students to grasp key concepts. By studying these solutions, you can enhance your knowledge, answer textbook questions accurately, and prepare more effectively for exams.
3. Do these solutions offer information beyond the textbook?
- Yes, these solutions often provide additional insights and explanations to help students gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter. They may include real-life examples, statistics, and explanations of current environmental issues related to forest and wildlife resources, offering a well-rounded perspective.
Forest and Wildlife Resources Extra Questions and Answers Class 10
Q1: What is biodiversity, and what does it encompass?
Ans: Biodiversity refers to the number and variety of organisms within a specific geographic region. It includes plants, animals, microorganisms, their genes, and the ecosystems they form.
Q2: Why are forests considered crucial in the context of biodiversity?
Ans: Forests are vital because they serve as primary producers supporting all other living beings. They play a key role in ecological systems, provide valuable resources, and host diverse flora and fauna.
Q3: What is the need for biodiversity conservation, and how does it benefit us?
Ans: Biodiversity conservation preserves ecological diversity and life support systems (water, air, soil), as well as genetic diversity for species growth and breeding. It supports fisheries and ensures a sustainable environment.
Q4: What steps have been taken for wildlife conservation in India?
Ans: India has implemented the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, banned hunting, protected habitats, and initiated specific projects like Project Tiger to safeguard endangered species.
Q5: What is the significance of “Project Tiger” in India’s wildlife conservation efforts?
Ans: “Project Tiger” was launched in 1973 to protect tigers and their habitats. It is crucial not only for saving the endangered tiger but also for preserving significant biotypes. Several tiger reserves across India, such as Corbett, Sunderbans, and Manas, were established as part of this initiative.
Q6: What are the three types of forests found in India, and how are they classified based on conservation importance?
Ans: The three types of forests in India are Reserved Forests (most valuable for conservation), Protected Forests (protected from further depletion), and Unclassed Forests (managed by local communities). Reserved and Protected Forests are also known as permanent forests.
Q7: How does local community involvement contribute to forest and wildlife conservation in India?
Ans: Local communities play a significant role in conservation. They resist activities like mining and deforestation, as seen in the Sariska Tiger Reserve and the Chipko movement. Joint Forest Management (JFM) programs involve communities in protecting and restoring degraded forests while allowing them to benefit from non-timber forest products and timber harvesting.
Q8: What are sacred groves, and why are they important in India’s conservation efforts?
Ans: Sacred groves are preserved forest patches considered sacred by tribal communities. They are left untouched and protected, with any interference banned. These groves represent a form of nature worship and are vital for preserving biodiversity and maintaining ecological balance, reflecting the spiritual connection between communities and nature.